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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第( C* c# M9 K( U, O8 _mso-font-kerning:0pt">2( }! A& e1 A9 |6 i) R1 `font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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6 ^7 A/ |8 P1 @0 h# g$ pTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百：《诗经》实有三百零五篇，三百只是举其整数。) D5 A0 N3 O2 w9 a
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">：概括。思无邪：《诗经+ M2 A. g/ O% g2 @mso-font-kerning:0pt">• o/ p: e- f3 N! R3 |. L( y' h
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词，孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪：纯正，没有邪念。6 ~$ s& a N4 n; p2 K
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">思想纯正。9 J- v/ |- B2 D
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：孔子为什么极为重视诗教？. D' N( C ~6 T
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思，5 @8 C* V& d8 ]1 J7 \" V2 Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">"4 I& O: T: A: J# Ifont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种( d3 D- N6 h* g- v4 C6 x
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$ p0 E1 n: q7 R2 @/ z6 C8 amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的) t, |( H) S6 y5 ?% Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">“4 r% U$ p5 t0 r3 h2 d% K, r' \
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( g' P2 `7 ^- [' L7 [" wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等，诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁，孔子认为，就教化的功能而言，& n5 q$ @, O7 w1 R$ I, g6 e- Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">“ `0 T$ E5 p m% s* [7 r
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是一个人品德养成、人性完善的最高层次。" A% Q( m4 ?' P' z+ b
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- ~# d5 s3 \. A- _: GTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌0 O/ c" O) q: S- k( O- `
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">篇。孔子特别重视# m3 C( y b' p$ P: [9 vmso-font-kerning:0pt">“ n5 L4 v. Q4 W% P. s) I) k: hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;4 t, E, O) |$ |% `8 ^; x+ K' s) x
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗: Y; d6 F+ X" @2 m) y4 Imso-font-kerning:0pt">”$ _" l7 Z% v- o- q% U rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;" G: S7 W5 P( j; t
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于人格完善的重要作用，他说：' j N5 E1 F; J
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0 O. ?& T# N2 s+ m, ^3 C0 Cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。 f2 ^2 j7 n% a' @mso-font-kerning:0pt">”+ t) ~+ i& p, I8 `" S# Bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
, K# g6 [" T# D' g# umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语" m6 M3 A1 {8 S
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- H l0 l. u4 M5 ]1 Omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">季氏》）# } D! b. L7 d
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。8 B" y/ S+ K2 G: u7 {
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过 K0 Q& b% W- j- h! u" s
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴、观、群、怨6 H7 h2 s1 K2 y, h% G) hmso-font-kerning:0pt">”0 H! K( Z$ A' `* b3 y% Rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;& X7 ^7 j5 j& Z/ H! Z3 M3 D
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">陶冶人的情操，并对弟子进行事父、事君等政治思想教育，使人 _( A8 d' V! lmso-font-kerning:0pt">“& `% e" S& ]: k+ l' [' Q2 d6 P% P
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. W: |# C0 k6 M ^mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。: H0 x3 O- N# z( j2 V3 E- Rmso-font-kerning:0pt"> + r( S6 d# R; m3 F
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' h) b+ ]3 ^$ _3 h/ {, xTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。4 R( n4 `( ?% x- ~9 o, w D7 B& Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">"( B9 O& `% A$ Z8 N. R1 V
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0 d1 C3 [) ?$ p Tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解：诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。" J( |, M6 {/ c3 L1 V
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。! u& x: i8 R. R" d2 L
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了”) ?4 M$ u/ r5 X
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( y) e3 x/ H3 _3 P( O, R# Ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。* Q0 k( E$ A; x+ P2 p& n& K {6 kmso-font-kerning:0pt">”: f0 u8 y8 v" M/ a+ B4 g$ E
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1 v& o6 Q$ h- P% Rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于8 o a% ]6 J0 X$ m& C4 E$ Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">“* m% R- u' l, |: m8 z
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+ K- o+ W& n" q \( _3 X0 Lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓* S1 x8 o9 o6 P3 Q
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2 S [3 D' c& J& {0 H+ B" `mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓+ s8 I% f P( N" `/ M) vmso-font-kerning:0pt">“- e1 X( ]2 W3 M- gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;7 z% i8 V+ h2 P* T* w
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓 H* V* }+ X# `1 Y' P5 f5 c1 {
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓( w2 b+ _* u! W8 `
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨! w: h9 k6 q' F% ^1 D4 }mso-font-kerning:0pt">”6 h# z/ n- B0 I8 [* M& v, o, q1 n
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗还可以锻炼% C0 O5 t- F- S0 X' n( U G4 y' H
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; B& k, Q: x( Wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐而不淫、哀而不伤. B" g* @) ?* X' S; j% w0 Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">”* u5 o6 n3 w e
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1 r, I4 H4 W- i2 v6 O! v7 t# i) Jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语2 N4 e% S7 r* P' E
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能$ w8 v: j4 I- }1 J8 Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">“# }* ^- q M$ ~' F
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1 W+ v9 \) V! F7 K1 Q# R- rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨而不怒1 V) o5 W( o$ O7 D7 W
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《朱熹: }, A2 Y# w) E# G% [: E
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! X# \0 u4 t4 w+ M. K$ k5 t5 nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人3 V& X0 N& F* a1 Z. O
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪9 P/ V) Z+ ~5 y; O. j) @3 `
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语) \2 e; I2 Y m) ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">.7 [' }* _+ e8 U$ \5 w1 l( H. g Hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;6 C2 U/ e. ]) z8 Y) F0 x
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政》），遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。$ J7 C$ A1 \- T. L
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7 B& C4 B k' W3 sTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。9 n( {/ Q# ?0 w9 Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">; Z ]- c+ J. Q. {& z- a/ D( Dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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, F& ^+ i0 O+ ?" {Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大家是做文秘工作的，写文章，也需要提高文学素养，如能恰到好处地引用几句诗词、名言警句，定会使文稿熠熠生辉。否则，干巴巴的，没有文彩，读之无味。( w4 i- ^/ W+ j& ~
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A! G% W3 w0 n- J) i# uTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我们领导基本把稿子中的诗句都略掉，不读，也许在正式场合没有习总的温柔劲吧8 X. ]; {0 |3 \( X. gmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是啊，大家看看习总的语言风格，文学素养深厚，值得学习。
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300x180 AD
